Impact

This Laureate Project can be seen as part of an even larger ongoing collaboration between Professor Ross P Buckley and his two long-term collaborators, who are also Partner Investigators on this Project:  Professor Douglas W Arner of the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance and the University of Hong Kong and Professor Dirk A Zetzsche of the University of Luxembourg. 

Over the past decade, Professors Buckley, Arner and Zetzsche have advised and worked directly with governments and regulators in 62 nations. They have also advised and worked directly with some 40 international and regional organisations, with almost all of these arrangements culminating into commissioned reports.  The tables of nations and organisations assisted follow. 

In addition, Professors Buckley, Arner and Zetzsche have indirectly assisted a wide range of other nations through long, close cooperation with the Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI) – an alliance of central banks and financial regulators from over 80 developing countries. Their work with AFI has shaped policy approaches to digital financial ecosystems in most developing countries through a dozen reports and policy strategies. These include their seminal reports on ‘FinTech for Financial Inclusion’ (2018) (which shaped FinTech laws and regulations in most developing countries), and the ‘Inclusive Green Finance Roadmap’ (2022) launched at the COP in Sharm el-Sheikh.

Professors Buckley, Arner and Zetzsche have also indirectly assisted other nations through their work with the Arab Monetary Fund and the German Agency for International Cooperation, producing major reports, advice and trainings for Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, the UAE and Yemen.


The 62 Nations with which Professors Buckley, Arner and Zetzsche have worked directly (2015–2025)

Country Body Subject matter Year Strategy development Financial reform Legislative proposals
Algeria Central Bank / Finance Ministry Financial Inclusion & Digital Payments 2024 X X  
Argentina Securities Regulator Capital Markets Development 2025   X  
Australia RBA Payments System 2023-25 X X X
Australia Securities Regulator, Reserve Bank Crypto and Fintech Reg’n 2017-25 X X X
Bangladesh Central Bank Financial Inclusion 2024-25 X    
Barbados Financial Services Commission Decentralized Finance 2020   X  
Belgium FSMA Regulating Digital Finance 2021   X  
Bhutan Central Bank Financial Inclusion 2024-25 X    
Brazil Capital Markets Regulator Capital Markets Development 2023-25   X  
Canada Central Bank / Capital Markets Regulators Innovation 2019-23   X  
China Ministry of Finance, Central Bank, Capital Markets Regulator, Banking Regulator, Insurance Regulator, National Development Agency Securitisation Development Strategy, Financial Sector Reform and Development 2015-18 X X X
Côte d’Ivoire All BCEAO Central Banks Regulation of Digital Finance Strategy 2018 X    
Egypt Central Bank Financial Inclusion Strategy, Fintech Strategy, Fintech Regulation 2020-24 X X X
Eswatini Central Bank Financial Inclusion 2022   X  
Fiji PIRI / Alliance for Financial Inclusion Regulatory Diagnostic Toolkit 2016 X    
Finland Central Bank AI and Central Banking 2025   X  
France Central Bank Digital Money & Payments 2023   X  
Georgia Central Bank Regulatory Sandbox and Cyber Security 2019   X  
Germany Ministry of Justice, BaFin Digital Shareholders’ Meetings & ID 2015-25 X X X
Hong Kong Central Bank, Capital Markets Regulator, Ministry of Finance DLT In Finance, Financial Sector Development Strategy 2015-24 X X X
Hungary Central Bank, Ministry of Justice Capital Markets Development, Credit Markets Development, Innovation Regulation 2019-21   X X
India Central Bank Financial Inclusion / Innovation 2022-25   X  
Indonesia Central Bank, Financial Regulator, Ministry of Finance Deposit Insurance, Financial Regulatory Structure, Digital ID, Payments / Financial Inclusion, Securitisation / Debt Capital Markets, Regtech / Suptech 2019-24   X X
Israel Central Bank CBDC 2022   X  
Japan Central Bank, Financial Regulator, Ministry of Finance Banking Reform, Digital Assets Regulation 2019-24   X  
Jordan Central Bank Financial Inclusion 2018, 2025   X  
Kazakhstan International Financial Centre Agency International Financial Centre Development 2018-22   X  
Kuwait Capital Markets Regulator Capital Markets Development 2024   X  
Latvia Central Bank, AML Regulator AML Regulation 2022-23   X  
Liechtenstein Government, Financial and Banking Regulator Revision of Liechtenstein Finance Legislation 2015     X
Luxembourg Government Legislative Concept on Settlement Coin 2024-25 X    
Maldives Central Bank Financial Inclusion 2024-25 X    
Mexico BIS – Representative Office for the Americas, Central Bank, Capital Markets Regulator Global Lessons on Data Sharing, Innovation Regulation 2018, 2023, 2024   X  
Mongolia Central Bank, Ministry of Finance, Financial Regulator, Ministry of Justice Banking and Credit Development 2024   X  
Nepal Central Bank Regulating Mobile Money, Financial Inclusion 2015, 2025 X X  
Nigeria Capital Markets Regulator Capital Market Development 2022-23   X  
Oman Central Bank Fintech Regulation / Strategy 2024-25 X X X
Pakistan Central Bank, Securities Regulator Financial Inclusion, Capital Markets Reform 2016, 2024-25 X    
Papua New Guinea Reserve Bank Digital Finance Regulation 2018, 2019   X  
Philippines Central Bank, Capital Markets Regulator Innovation Regulation 2019      
Qatar Central Bank, Financial Regulator Innovation Regulation, Financial Centre Development 2016-20   X  
Rwanda Government, Central Bank Financial Inclusion, Digital Financial Centre Development 2020-25 X X  
Samoa Pacific Islands Regional Initiative (PIRI) Fintech For Financial Inclusion 2018   X  
Saudi Arabia Central Bank, Capital Markets Regulator Digital Financial Development, Regtech / Suptech 2016-17, 2020-25 X X  
Senegal BCEAO (Waemu) Innovative Financial Ecosystems 2021   X  
Singapore Central Bank Regional Capital Markets Development, Innovation Regulation 2019-24   X  
Solomon Islands Central Bank Regulating Digital Finance 2016 X X  
Solomon Islands All Pacific Central Banks Digital Regulation Attuned to the Pacific 2015   X  
South Africa Central Bank, Finance Ministry, Financial Regulator Regional Financial Integration, Innovation Regulation 2019   X  
Sri Lanka Central Bank, Ministry of Finance Financial Reform, Financial Inclusion 2018-19, 2024-25 X    
Switzerland Swiss National Bank Regulation of Cryptoassets 2021   X  
Taiwan Central Bank, Insurance Regulator International AI Governance 2021, 2023, 2024   X  
Thailand Central Bank, Capital Markets Regulator Future of Money, Financial Reform, Regional Financial Integration 2022-23   X X
Timor Leste Central Bank Mobile Money Ecosystem Regulation 2015-18 X X X
Tonga All Pacific Central Banks Consumer Protection for Digital Financial Services 2015, 2019   X  
Turkey Ministry of Justice, Capital Markets Regulator Law Reform for Financial Inclusion 2020   X  
Uganda Central Bank Digital Assets, Financial Inclusion 2025 X X  
Ukraine Central Bank, Financial Regulator Capital Markets Development 2022-25 X X  
United Arab Emirates Central Bank Central Bank Reform 2024 X    
United Kingdom Financial Regulator; Bank of England Cross-Border Payments, Regulating Crypto; Technology; Regtech / Suptech 2022-23 X X  
United States Securities & Exchange Commission Digital Finance Platforms, Regtech / Suptech 2023   X  
Uzbekistan Ministry of Finance Financial Centre Development 2021   X  
Vanuatu Reserve Bank Central Bank Digital Currencies 2020-21   X  
Vietnam Central Bank, Capital Markets Regulator Digitization 2018-19 X    

 

 

The 40 International and Regional Organisations with which Professors Buckley, Arner and Zetzsche have worked directly (2015–2025)

Organisation Unit / body Subject matter Year
Alliance for Financial Inclusion Management Unit Impact of Financial Inclusion on Financial Stability, Financial Soundness + Monetary Policy 2023-25
Alliance for Financial Inclusion Digital Financial Services Working Group Policy Framework on Developing a National FinTech Strategy: An Ecosystem Approach to Inclusive FinTech, Digital Economy, Financial Inclusion and the Sustainable Development Goals 2024
Alliance for Financial Inclusion Inclusive Green Finance Working Group Roadmap for the Implementation of an Inclusive Green Finance Strategy 2022
Alliance for Financial Inclusion Digital Financial Services Working Group AFI Regulatory Approaches FinTech Toolkit 2021
Alliance for Financial Inclusion   Strategy: FinTech for Financial Inclusion 2018
Appui au Développement Autonome (ADA)   Training in Regulation of Financial Inclusion 2015-25
Arab Monetary Fund Arab Regional FinTech Working Group Digital Finance and Financial Inclusion 2018-25
Arab Monetary Fund Governors and Deputy Governors Financial Sector Development Strategy 2024
Arab Monetary Fund Payments Working Group Regional and Domestic Payments Development 2024
Asia Securities Industry & Financial Markets Association (ASIFMA)   Regional Capital Markets Development 2015-25
Asia Securities Industry & Financial Markets Association (ASIFMA)   Approaches to Innovation 2015-25
Asia Securities Industry & Financial Markets Association (ASIFMA)   Digitalisation of Capital Markets 2015-25
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) ASEAN Capital Markets Forum Sustainable Finance Strategy 2022
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) ASEAN Capital Markets Forum Regional Capital Market Development 2015
Asian Development Bank   Country Projects: China, Vietnam, Indonesia 2015-24
Asian Development Bank   The Impact of Financial Inclusion: Workshop with Luxembourg Ministry of Finance 2024
Asian Development Bank   RegTech / SupTech 2022-23
Asian Development Bank   Digital Finance & COVID-19 2022
Asian Development Bank   Crypto-Assets in Asia 2019
Asian Development Bank   Blockchain and its Principal Applications: Cryptocurrencies and ICOs 2018-19
Asian Development Bank   Cryptocurrencies, Blockchain and ICOs: Policy and Regulatory Challenges of Distributed Ledger Technology in Asia 2017-18
Asian Development Bank   Lessons to be Learned for East Asia from 20 Years of Financial Crises 2017-18
Asian Development Bank   Post 2008 Financial Reforms 2015
Bank for International Settlements  BIS Innovation Hub Project Aperta: Steering Group, Policy Committee 2024-25
Bank for International Settlements Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructure (CPMI) Building Regional Payment Areas 2022
Bank for International Settlements Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructure (CPMI) Best Execution in Cross-Border Payments 2022
Bank for International Settlements BIS Innovation Hub Digital ID Report 2020-22
Bank for International Settlements Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructure (CPMI) Distributed Ledger Technologies in Cross-border Payments 2021
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace   Cybersecurity Policies for the Global South 2021-23
Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP)   Regulation of Digital Financial Ecosystems in West Africa 2018
Emerging Payments Association Asia (EPAA)   Approaches to Cross Border Payments 2022-25
European Banking Authority Innovation Network Payments in the Metaverse 2022
European Commission Directorate-General for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union (DG FISMA) Mixed-Activity Groups (BigTechs) 2024
European Investment Bank EIB Institute Regulation of Inclusive Finance: Joint Training Programme 2017-25
European Microfinance Network   Regulation of Inclusive Finance: Workshop at Conferences 2017-25
European Parliament   Regulating Crypto-Assets 2023
European Securities & Markets Authority Consultative Working Group on Investment Management Deregulation of Finance 2024-25
European Securities & Markets Authority Consultative Working Group on Digital Finance Implementing Legislation on Crypto-Assets 2023
European Securities & Markets Authority Consultative Working Group on Financial Innovation FinTech, RegTech 2018-23
European Systemic Risk Board Crypto-Asset Task Force Systemic Risks of Crypto-Assets 2025
European Union European Academy of Law (Training Body for EU and Country Experts) Various FinTech Topics 2018-25
Financial Stability Board Various Working Groups Advisory Input across Financial Stability and Innovation Issues 2015-25
Financial Stability Board Global Innovation Network Gamification of Finance 2021
Financial Stability Board   Regulating Global Stable Coins 2020
G20 GPFI: Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion Reports 2018, 2025
G20 G20 TechSprint 2020 Judging 2020
G24   Strategy: FinTech for Financial Inclusion 2018-19
GIZ MENA Region Programme Smart Regulatory Approaches to FinTech 2020
Inclusive Finance Network Luxembourg (InFiNe)   Training in Regulation of Financial Inclusion 2024-25
Institute of International Finance (IIF)   Digitalisation of Global Finance 2018-25
International Capital Markets Association (ICMA)   Digitalisation of Debt Capital Markets 2018-25
International Finance Corporation (IFC)   Credit Registries Analysis / Working Group 2016-24
International Monetary Fund Consultative Working Group on Financial Access Survey Measuring Financial Inclusion 2024-25
International Monetary Fund Financial Sector Stability Fund Financial Inclusion and Impact on Monetary Policy 2025
International Monetary Fund   CBDC Programme Development 2023-24
International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) Secretariat / Full Membership RegTech / SupTech / Innovation Strategies 2018-25
International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO)   Regulating Crypto Intermediaries in Light of the FTX Crisis 2023
International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) Chair International Approach to Mutual Recognition and Substitute Compliance 2019-20
International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA)   Derivatives Market Development 2023
Islamic Development Bank   International Regulatory Standards Development 2022-23
Islamic Financial Services Board   International Regulatory Standards Development 2022-23
South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre Governors, Deputy Governors, Division Directors Regional Financial Integration 2015-20
South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre Governors, Deputy Governors, Division Directors Post Crisis Reforms 2015-20
South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre Governors, Deputy Governors, Division Directors Innovation Regulation 2015-20
Toronto Centre   Regulating Financial Innovation 2019
UNCDF MM4P (Mobile Money for the Poor) Developing and Regulating Digital Finance Ecosystems in Africa 2018
UNCDF UNCDF & Better than Cash Alliance An Overview of the UNSW Regulatory Diagnostic Toolkit 2016
UNDP   Bellagio Group Process 2020-22
UNDP   Global Dialogue on Digital Finance 2019-22
UNIDROIT Drafting Committee for Private Law on Digital Assets Private Law on Digital Assets  2021-23
UNESCAP   Strategy for Digital Financial Inclusion 2021-23
United Nations High-level Panel of the Commission for Social Development (CSocD) Financial Inclusion for Balanced Growth and Equal Opportunities 2023
United Nations UN Dialogue on Global Digital Finance Governance Governing Digital Finance 2021
United Nations Climate Conference Conference of the Parties (COP), 29 Inclusive Green Finance: Measuring Impact 2024
United Nations Climate Conference Conference of the Parties (COP), 28 Inclusive Green Finance Roadmap: Towards Implementation 2023
United Nations Climate Conference Conference of the Parties (COP), 27  Inclusive Green Finance Roadmap: Building Blocks and Regulatory Tools 2022
United Nations Climate Conference COP27, World Leadership Forum The Social Dimension of Financial Inclusion 2022
World Bank   Innovation Strategies 2018-25